Drug Name: Barbiturates

Drug Abbreviation: BAR

Drug Slang Term(s): Barbs, barbies, sleepers, blue bullets, blues, pink ladies, pinks, block busters

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 300 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants. They are used therapeutically as sedatives, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants. Barbiturates are almost always taken orally as capsules or tablets. The effects resemble those of intoxication with alcohol. Chronic use of barbiturates leads to tolerance and physical dependence. Short acting Barbiturates taken at 400 mg/day for 2-3 months can produce a clinically significant degree of physical dependence. Withdrawal symptoms experienced during periods of drug abstinence can be severe enough to cause death.Only a small amount (less than 5%) of most Barbiturates are excreted unaltered in the urine.

The approximate detection time limits for Barbiturates are:

- Short acting (e.g. Secobarbital) - 100 mg PO (oral) - 4.5 days

- Long acting (e.g. Phenobarbital) - 400 mg PO (oral) - 7 days

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Drug Name: Propoxyphene

Drug Abbreviation: PPX

Drug Slang Term(s): Darvon

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 300 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Propoxyphene is a drug often prescribed to treat pain and is related structurally to methadone. Propoxyphene is generally taken orally and its effects peak in 1 - 2 hours. Overdose of propoxyphene effects the brain and can cause severe euphoria. Extended use of propoxyphene can cause respiratory depression, analgesia, stupor, and coma.

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Drug Name: Tricyclic Antidepressants

Drug Abbreviation: TCA

Drug Slang Term(s): Vivactil, Anafranil, Janimine, Tofranil

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 1,000 ng/mL

Drug Information:

TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressants) are commonly used for the treatment of depressive disorders. TCA overdoses can result in profound central nervous system depression, cardiotoxicity and anticholinergic effects. TCA overdose is the most common cause of death from prescription drugs. TCAs are taken orally or sometimes by injection. TCAs are metabolized in the liver. Both TCAs and their metabolites are excreted in urine mostly in the form of metabolites for up to ten days.

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