Pre-Employment Drug Testing:

This is the most common form of testing. In this type of testing, a job applicant is normally asked to take a urine drug screen as part of the application procedure. If applicants fail the test, they are not given a job with the company.

Post Accident Drug Testing:

Any employee that is involved in an on-the-job accident ? no matter what the cause - will be required to take a substance abuse test. It's been conclusively shown that this form of testing dramatically reduces the number of on-the-job accidents.

Random Drug Testing:

Unannounced or random testing is the form of testing most likely to identify substance abusers. Companies regulated by the Department of Transportation and Defense, in particular, require these test.

Reasonable Suspicion Drug Testing:

Employees can be asked to take a drug or alcohol test if their actions warrant it. Reasonable suspicion testing can be triggered by such factors as bizarre or extremely erratic behavior, the discovery of drug paraphernalia, or strong suspicion that an employee is at the moment under the influence of illegal drugs or alcohol.

What is a "Drug-Free Workplace?

It is an employment setting where all employees adhere to a program of policies and activities designed to provide a safe workplace, discourage alcohol and drug abuse and encourage treatment, recovery and the return to work of those employees with such abuse problems.

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Cocaine Dipstrip Drug Urine Test

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If done correctly, drug testing for cocaine is pretty accurate no other drug(s) should trigger a positive result. Most drug tests that check for cocaine use look for benzoylecgonine, a product of the body's metabolism of cocaine that can be detected in urine for around three days after using the substance.

According to the guidelines set by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) for evaluating the result(s) of a drug test, no prescription medications will cause a false positive. Furthermore, studies have shown that even passively inhaling the smoke from crack cocaine will not result in a positive test result.

In some situations, health care providers may use topical anesthetics that actually contain cocaine itself, which can cause a positive result. In doing so, however, they are also required to document the substance's use, which can be helpful in better understanding a drug test result. The use of other topical anesthetics, such as Novocain and lidocaine, will not produce positive results.

One last possibility for a positive drug test result for cocaine is drinking coca leaf tea, which is popular in a handful of countries outside of the United States. Coca leaf tea has detectable amounts of cocaine and is therefore banned from the U.S., but it could be that the tea was consumed outside of the country.

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Saliva 5 Drug Test Kit (THC/COC/OPI/MET/BZD)

While marijuana itself does not actually stay in the body, some of the chemicals in the drug do. THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the substance in pot that's mainly responsible for people's high, may stay in the body forever � scientists aren't exactly sure. However, THC is only detectable for a certain period of time after using marijuana or being exposed to marijuana smoke.

Compared to other controlled substances, THC is able to stay in a person's system for a relatively long period of time because it is fat-soluble. Being fat-soluble allows it to be stored in fatty tissues of various organs. From here, THC is slowly released and metabolized. This metabolite of THC is then excreted and cleared from a person's system.

In testing to see if someone has recently used pot, there are two important substances to keep in mind: THC and 9-carboxy-THC. 9-carboxy-THC is a product of the body's metabolism of THC and, more importantly, it is detectable for a longer period of time than THC is detectable. This is the reason that drug tests, namely urine tests, look for 9-carboxy-THC.

Many of the following numbers are estimates. The actual amount of time that these substances are detectable in a person's body depends on several factors, including how much pot is used, how often a person uses it, and the rate of his/her metabolism of the substance.

Some private companies may use hair tests to detect possible marijuana use. Positive hair test results have been found to be unreliable.

* Frequent users are defined as people who use marijuana several times per week, if not more often.

** Infrequent users are those who use marijuana seldom enough that THC and/or its metabolite are no longer detectable before their next use. In essence, these users do not use pot often enough to allow for the tested substances to build-up from one use to another.

The detection period for 9-carboxy-THC in urine can be as long as 3 months in extremely heavy users.

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Drug Name: Methamphetamine

Drug Abbreviation: MAMP

Drug Slang Term(s): Tina, Christina, tweak, speed, glass, Quartz, uppers, Christmas Tree

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 1,000 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Methamphetamine is an addictive stimulant drug that strongly activates certain systems in the brain. Methamphetamine is closely related chemically to amphetamine, but the central nervous system effects of Methamphetamine are greater. Methamphetamine is made in illegal laboratories and has a high potential for abuse and dependence. The drug can be taken orally, injected, or inhaled. Acute higher doses lead to enhanced stimulation of the central nervous system and induce euphoria, alertness, reduced appetite, and a sense of increased energy and power. Cardiovascular responses to Methamphetamine include increased blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias. More acute responses produce anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, psychotic behavior, and eventually, depression and exhaustion.

The effects of Methamphetamine generally last 2-4 hours and the drug has a half-life of 9-24 hours in the body. Methamphetamine is excreted in the urine as amphetamine and oxidized and deaminated derivatives. However, 10-20% of Methamphetamine is excreted unchanged. Thus, the presence of the parent compound in the urine indicates Methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine is generally detectable in the urine for 3-5 days, depending on urine pH level.

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Methamphetamine

Drug Name: MDMA (Ecstacy)

Drug Abbreviation: MDMA

Drug Slang Term(s): x, e, eve, adam, x-tc, roll, triple stacks, decadence, m&m, domex, kleenex, love drug, shabu

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 500 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) is a designer drug first synthesized in 1914 by a German drug company for the treatment of obesity.8 Those who take the drug frequently report adverse effects, such as increased muscle tension and sweating. MDMA is not clearly a stimulant, although it has, in common with amphetamine drugs, a capacity to increase blood pressure and heart rate. MDMA does produce some perceptual changes in the form of increased sensitivity to light, difficulty in focusing, and blurred vision in some users. Its mechanism of action is thought to be via release of the neurotransmitter serotonin. MDMA may also release dopamine, although the general opinion is that this is a secondary effect of the drug (Nichols and Oberlender, 1990). The most pervasive effect of MDMA, occurring in virtually all people who took a reasonable dose of the drug, was to produce a clenching of the jaws.

Methamphetamine addiction

Drug Name: Morphine

Drug Abbreviation: MOR

Drug Slang Term(s): Aunti, Aunti Emma, Big O, Black hash, Black Russian, Black pill, Black stuff, black tar, Buddha, china white, Chinese molasses, Chinese tobacco, Chocolate, Dopium, Dover's deck, Dover's powder, Dream gun, Dream stick, Dreams, Easing powder, God's medicine, Gondola, Gong, Goric, Great tobacco, Gum, Hard stuff, Hocus, Hops, Horse, Indonesian bud, Joy plant, Midnight oil, Mud, O, O.P., Pox, Smack, Tar, Toxy, Toys, Zero A-Bomb, Big H, Boy, Crank, Crop, Brown, Dragon Rock, h, Hell Dust, Harry, Horse, Jive, Junk, Mexican Black Tar, Nose Drop, Shag, Skag, Smack, Shit, Thunder

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 300 ng/mL

Drug Information: Morphine is a prescription drug known as Serax, generally prescribed to treat moderate to severe pain. It is also a common metabolite of opiates morphine, codeine (methyl-morphine), and heroin (semi-synthetic derivatives of morphine). These opiates are commonly smoked, injected intravenously or intramuscularly, or swallowed.

Opiate use causes toxic effects which may include hypothermia, hypotension, papillary constriction, urinary retention, respiratory depression, pulmonary edema constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, apathy, confusion, and cold/clammy skin. Overdosage can result in coma and/or death.

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Saliva 5 Drug Test Kit (THC/COC/OPI/MET/BZD)

Drug Name: Opiates

Drug Abbreviation: OPI

Drug Slang Term(s): Aunti, Aunti Emma, Big O, Black hash, Black Russian, Black pill, Black stuff, black tar, Buddha, china white, Chinese molasses, Chinese tobacco, Chocolate, Dopium, Dover's deck, Dover's powder, Dream gun, Dream stick, Dreams, Easing powder, God's medicine, Gondola, Gong, Goric, Great tobacco, Gum, Hard stuff, Hocus, Hops, Horse, Indonesian bud, Joy plant, Midnight oil, Mud, O, O.P., Pox, Smack, Tar, Toxy, Toys, Zero A-Bomb, Big H, Boy, Crank, Crop, Brown, Dragon Rock, h, Hell Dust, Harry, Horse, Jive, Junk, Mexican Black Tar, Nose Drop, Shag, Skag, Smack, Shit, Thunder

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 2,000 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Opiate refers to any drug that is derived from the opium poppy, including the natural products, morphine and codeine, and the semi-synthetic drugs such as heroin. Opioid is more general, referring to any drug that acts on the opioid receptor.

Opioid analgesics comprise a large group of substances which control pain by depressing the central nervous system. Large doses of morphine can produce higher tolerance levels, physiological dependency in users, and may lead to substance abuse. Morphine is excreted unmetabolized, and is also the major metabolic product of codeine and heroin. Morphine is detectable in the urine for several days after an opiate dose.

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Drug Name: Oxycodone

Drug Abbreviation: OXY

Drug Slang Term(s): oxy, Hillbilly heroin, Oxycotton, OC, killers

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 100 ng/mL

Drug Information: Oxycodone is used to relieve moderate to moderate-to-severe pain. It also is used to relieve postpartum, postoperative, and dental pain. Oxycodone comes as a liquid and tablet to take by mouth and can be habit forming.

Drug Name: Phencyclidene

Drug Abbreviation: PCP

Drug Slang Term(s): angel dust, angel hair, angel poke, dust, embalming fluid, fry, flake hog, whack, rocket fuel, squeeze, mist, horse tranq, animal tranq, elephant tranq, tranqs, squeeze, surfer, cyclones, soma, illy, oxone, zoot, peace pill, scuffle, Cadillac, CJ, KJ, TIC, TAC, PCP, amp, hydro, sherm, haze, dank, goon, sherm, super weed, killer weed, elephant, zombie, embalming fluid, hog, pce, tcp, rocket fuel, ka-pow, beam me up Scotty.

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 25 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Phencyclidine, also known as PCP or Angel Dust, is a hallucinogen that was first marketed as a surgical anesthetic in the 1950's. It was removed from the market because patients receiving it became delirious and experienced hallucinations.

Phencyclidine is used in powder, capsule, and tablet form. The powder is either snorted or smoked after mixing it with marijuana or vegetable matter. Phencyclidine is most commonly administered by inhalation but can be used intravenously, intra-nasally, and orally. After low doses, the user thinks and acts swiftly and experiences mood swings from euphoria to depression. Self-injurious behavior is one of the devastating effects of Phencyclidine.

PCP can be found in urine within 4 to 6 hours after use and will remain in urine for 7 to 14 days, depending on factors such as metabolic rate, user�s age, weight, activity, and diet.5 Phencyclidine is excreted in the urine as an unchanged drug (4% to 19%) and conjugated metabolites (25% to 30%).

Drug Name: Methadone

Drug Abbreviation: MTD

Drug Slang Term(s): meth, mtd, juice, green

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 300 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Methadone is a narcotic analgesic prescribed for the management of moderate to severe pain and for the treatment of opiate dependence (heroin, Vicodin, Percocet, Morphine). The pharmacology of Oral Methadone is very different from IV Methadone. Oral Methadone is partially stored in the liver for later use. IV Methadone acts more like heroin. In most states you must go to a pain clinic or a Methadone maintenance clinic to be prescribed Methadone.

Methadone is a long acting pain reliever producing effects that last from twelve to forty-eight hours. Ideally, Methadone frees the client from the pressures of obtaining illegal heroin, from the dangers of injection, and from the emotional roller coaster that most opiates produce. Methadone, if taken for long periods and at large doses, can lead to a very long withdrawal period. The withdrawals from Methadone are more prolonged and troublesome than those provoked by heroin cessation, yet the substitution and phased removal of methadone is an acceptable method of detoxification for patients and therapists.

Drug Name: Marijuana

Drug Abbreviation: THC

Drug Slang Term(s): pot, weed, grass, smoke, dope, ganja, reefer, Mary Jane, and Aunt Mary

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 50 ng/mL

Drug Information:

THC (Δ9--tetrahydrocannabinol) is the primary active ingredient in cannabis (marijuana). When smoked or orally administered, THC produces euphoric effects. Users have impaired short-term memory and slowed learning. They may also experience transient episodes of confusion and anxiety. Long-term, relatively heavy marijuana use may be associated with behavioral disorders. The peak effect of marijuana administered by smoking occurs in 20-30 minutes and the duration is 90-120 minutes after one cigarette. Elevated levels of urinary metabolites are found within hours of exposure and remain detectable for 3-10 days after smoking. The main metabolite excreted in the urine is 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (Δ9-THC-COOH).

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Drug Name: Cocaine

Drug Abbreviation: COC

Drug Slang Term(s): Coke, Dust, Toot, Snow, Blow, Bumps, Lines, Nose Candy, Snowball (cocaine & heroin), Sneeze, Oolies (marijuana laced with crack), Powder, Tornado (Crack), Rock (Crack), Wicky Stick (PCP, marijuana, and crack)

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 300 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Cocaine is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and a local anesthetic. Initially, it brings about extreme energy and restlessness while gradually resulting in tremors, over-sensitivity and spasms. In large amounts, cocaine causes fever, unresponsiveness, difficulty in breathing and unconsciousness.

Cocaine is often self-administered by nasal inhalation, intravenous injection and free-base smoking. It is excreted in the urine in a short time primarily as Benzoylecgonine.2,3 Benzoylecgonine, a major metabolite of cocaine, has a longer biological half-life (5-8 hours) than cocaine (0.5-1.5 hours), and can generally be detected for 24-48 hours after cocaine exposure.

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Saliva 5 Drug Test Kit (THC/COC/OPI/MET/BZD)

Drug Name: Benzodiazepines

Drug Abbreviation: BZO

Drug Slang Term(s): alprazolam, benzodiazepam, bromazepam, chlordiazepoxide, clobazam, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, estazolam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam, nitrazepam, oxazepam, quazepam, temazepam, triazolam, Alprazolam Intensol, Ativan, Dalmane, Diastat, Diazepam Intensol, Dizac, Doral, Halcion, Klonopin, Librium, Lorazepam Intensol, Paxipam, ProSom, Restoril, Serax, Tranxene-SD, Tranxene-SD Half Strength, Tranxene T-Tab, Valium, Xanax.

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 300 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Benzodiazepines are medications that are frequently prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders. They produce their effects via specific receptors involving a neurochemical called gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Because they are safer and more effective, Benzodiazepines have replaced barbiturates in the treatment of both anxiety and insomnia. Benzodiazepines are also used as sedatives before some surgical and medical procedures, and for the treatment of seizure disorders and alcohol withdrawal.Risk of physical dependence increases if Benzodiazepines are taken regularly (e.g., daily) for more than a few months, especially at higher than normal doses. Stopping abruptly can bring on such symptoms as trouble sleeping, gastrointestinal upset, feeling unwell, loss of appetite, sweating, trembling, weakness, anxiety and changes in perception. Only trace amounts (less than 1%) of most Benzodiazepines are excreted unaltered in the urine; most of the concentration in urine is conjugated drug. The detection period for the Benzodiazepines in the urine is 3-7 days.

Drug Name: Amphetamine

Drug Abbreviation: AMP

Drug Slang Term(s): uppers, speed, benny, dexy, louee, goey, whizz, pep pills. sulph, billy, phets.

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 1,000 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Amphetamine is a Schedule II controlled substance available by prescription (Dexedrine�) and is also available on the illicit market. Amphetamines are a class of potent sympathomimetic agents with therapeutic applications. They are chemically related to the human body�s natural catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine. Acute higher doses lead to enhanced stimulation of the central nervous system and induce euphoria, alertness, reduced appetite, and a sense of increased energy and power. Cardiovascular responses to Amphetamines include increased blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias. More acute responses produce anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, and psychotic behavior. The effects of Amphetamines generally last 2-4 hours following use and the drug has a half-life of 4-24 hours in the body. About 30% of Amphetamines are excreted in the urine in unchanged form, with the remainder as hydroxylated and deaminated

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Long-term effects of methamphetamine

Drug Name: Barbiturates

Drug Abbreviation: BAR

Drug Slang Term(s): Barbs, barbies, sleepers, blue bullets, blues, pink ladies, pinks, block busters

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 300 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants. They are used therapeutically as sedatives, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants. Barbiturates are almost always taken orally as capsules or tablets. The effects resemble those of intoxication with alcohol. Chronic use of barbiturates leads to tolerance and physical dependence. Short acting Barbiturates taken at 400 mg/day for 2-3 months can produce a clinically significant degree of physical dependence. Withdrawal symptoms experienced during periods of drug abstinence can be severe enough to cause death.Only a small amount (less than 5%) of most Barbiturates are excreted unaltered in the urine.

The approximate detection time limits for Barbiturates are:

- Short acting (e.g. Secobarbital) - 100 mg PO (oral) - 4.5 days

- Long acting (e.g. Phenobarbital) - 400 mg PO (oral) - 7 days

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Cocaine Dipstrip Drug Urine Test

Single Panel Home Urine Test Kit

5 Panel Home Urine Test Kit

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Saliva 5 Drug Test Kit (THC/COC/OPI/MET/BZD)

Drug Name: Propoxyphene

Drug Abbreviation: PPX

Drug Slang Term(s): Darvon

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 300 ng/mL

Drug Information:

Propoxyphene is a drug often prescribed to treat pain and is related structurally to methadone. Propoxyphene is generally taken orally and its effects peak in 1 - 2 hours. Overdose of propoxyphene effects the brain and can cause severe euphoria. Extended use of propoxyphene can cause respiratory depression, analgesia, stupor, and coma.

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Cocaine Dipstrip Drug Urine Test

Single Panel Home Urine Test Kit

5 Panel Home Urine Test Kit

Urine Check 7 - Drug Adulteration Test Strips

Saliva 5 Drug Test Kit (THC/COC/OPI/MET/BZD)

Drug Name: Tricyclic Antidepressants

Drug Abbreviation: TCA

Drug Slang Term(s): Vivactil, Anafranil, Janimine, Tofranil

Drug Screening Cut-off in Urine: 1,000 ng/mL

Drug Information:

TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressants) are commonly used for the treatment of depressive disorders. TCA overdoses can result in profound central nervous system depression, cardiotoxicity and anticholinergic effects. TCA overdose is the most common cause of death from prescription drugs. TCAs are taken orally or sometimes by injection. TCAs are metabolized in the liver. Both TCAs and their metabolites are excreted in urine mostly in the form of metabolites for up to ten days.

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Cocaine Dipstrip Drug Urine Test

Single Panel Home Urine Test Kit

5 Panel Home Urine Test Kit

Urine Check 7 - Drug Adulteration Test Strips

Saliva 5 Drug Test Kit (THC/COC/OPI/MET/BZD)