Drugs that give positive Opiate results
The following table shows drugs that can give rise to positive initial opiate screens
| Drugs | Over the counter preparations (OTC) |
| Codeine | Benylin |
| Dihydrocodeine | Calpol |
| Morphine | Co-Codamol |
| 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) | Co-Dydramol |
| Kaolin | |
| Paracodol | |
| Pholcodine | |
| Propain |
Drugs that give positive amphetamine results
The following table shows drugs that can give rise to positive initial amphetamine screens.
| Drugs that can give rise to positive amphetamine screening results | |
| Amphetamines | Other stimulant drugs |
| d and l Amphetamine | MDA |
| Methamphetamine | MDMA |
| (Dexedrine) | MDEA |
| Ephedrine | |
| Norpseudoephedrine | |
| Phenylpropanolamine | |
| Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) | |
| Phentermine | |
| Fenfluramine (Ponderax) | |
Sensitivies of urine screening and confirmation drug tests
At concentrations below the limit of detection, the drug (or metabolite) will not normally be detected by the usual screening procedure. A result reported as 'positive' in a screening test implies that the concentration of drug present is in excess of the limit given here. Note that the sensitivity of drug detection will be reduced in dilute urine specimens.
The action limits used by the laboratory for employment and pre-employment confirmatory tests cited above are the same as those used by most laboratories performing drugs of abuse screening, and conform to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) guidelines. Please contact the laboratory for further information.
| Drug Class | Limit of detection of screening test | Limit of detection of confirmation test |
| Alcohol | 100 mg/L (10 mg/dL) | 100 mg/L (10 mg/dL) |
| Barbiturates | 200 mg/L | 200 mg/L |
| Amphetamine | 1000 mg/L | 200 mg/L |
| Benzodiazepines | 200 mg/L | 200 mg/L |
| Cannabinoids | 50 mg/L | 5 mg/L |
| Cocaine (metabolite) | 300 mg/L | 50 mg/L |
| Codeine | 300 mg/L | 50 mg/L |
| Cyclizine | 200 mg/L | 200 mg/L |
| Dihydrocodeine | 300 mg/L | 50 mg/L |
| EDDP | 100 mg/L | 50 mg/L |
| Methadone | 200 mg/L | |
| 6-Monoacetyl morphine | 10 mg/L | |
| Morphine | 300 mg/L | 50 mg/L |
| Thebaine | 50 mg/L |
Detection times of some common drugs of abuse in urine
Note that detection times are only very approximate and are very dependent upon the dose, its frequency, route of administration and urine excretion / dilution.
| Drugs | Duration of detection in urine |
| Alcohol | up to 1 day |
| Amphetamines (including MDMA, MDA) | 1-3 days |
| Barbiturates | 1-3 days |
| Benzodiazepines | 1-3 days |
| Cannabis | up to 14 days |
| Cocaine | 1-3 days |
| Codeine | 1-2 days |
| Cyclizine | 1-2 days |
| Dihydrocodeine | 1-2 days |
| Heroin (morphine) | up to 1 day |
| Methadone | 1-3 days |
| 6-MAM | up to 1 day |
Detection of Opiate abuse
| Drug use | Urine test results |
| Heroin | Morphine + 6-MAM1 + Codeine |
| Morphine | Morphine |
| Codeine | Morphine + Codeine |
| Poppy seeds | Morphine + Codeine+Thebaine2 |
| Dihydrocodeine | Dihydrocodeine |
1 May only be detected following recent heroin use.
2 May be detected following poppy seed ingestion.
Pentazocine
This synthetic opioid is a controlled drug (CD) but is infrequently abused. It will not be detected by the routine opiate immunoassay screening procedure. However, if analysis of this drug is requested it can easily be detected by one of the chromatographic confirmation procedures.
Penthidine
This synthetic opioid is a controlled drug (CD) but is infrequently abused. It will not be detected by the routine opiate immunoassay screening procedure. However, if analysis of this drug is requested, it can easily be detected by one of the chromatographic confirmatory procedures.
Phencyclidine ("Angel Dust", PCP)
Currently, there is no evidence for any significant availability or abuse of this drug in the US. It may be possible to detect the presence of this drug in urine, but this is uncertain. The Laboratory should be contacted directly if this drug is suspected.
Tests for the dilution of urine
The Laboratory will determine the creatinine concentration of all urine specimens submitted for screening to detect abnormally dilute specimens, i.e. those with creatinine
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